Wenocur, "Community Organization" Fall, 1996
=========================================================================
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 06:35:00 CST
Sender: H-Net/H-Urban Seminar on History of Community Organizing &
From: Wendy Plotkin
Subject: SYLLABUS: Wenocur, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION (Fall, 1996)
Posted by Wendy Plotkin
As I mentioned in an earlier posting, the syllabus we sent out
previously by Stan Wenocur should have been marked "Fall, 1994".
In this and the next posting, I'll send out the Fall, 1996 syllabus
contributed by Stan -- and many thanks to him for sending in the
most recent syllabus.
Wendy Plotkin
COMM-ORG
************************************************************************
UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SWOA 604
SCHOOL OF SOCIAL WORK FALL 1996
DR. WENOCUR
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
=================
Community organizing is a means of bringing people together to address
problematic social conditions. As a purposeful collective effort,
organizing requires sound analytical, political, and interactional
skills. An important aspect of those skills for professional
organizers involves a continuous pattern of systematic planning,
"doing", reflecting again (theorizing) and acting strategically to
build a group that can achieve its aims.
Community organization is rooted in the reform tradition of
professional social work and such values as self-determination,
self-sufficiency, empowerment, and social justice. Therefore this
course is particularly relevant to direct practice with and advocacy
for disempowered groups in the society, such as ethnic and racial
minorities, low income persons, women, the aged and the disabled.
The methods course in community organization is aimed at students who
seek to expand and refine their skills in organization-building and
collective action. It builds on foundation knowledge and skills from
the prerequisite introductory level practice courses in the curriculum.
Students enrolled in this course should have completed all of the
introductory (foundation year) practice courses and the first year
practicum or their equivalents. Therefore this course assumes
familiarity with such relevant skills and knowledge as: the nature of
organizations, service delivery networks, community structures and
dynamics, power structure and dynamics, empowerment, advocacy, small
group dynamics and staff, leader and member roles in work with task
groups.
COURSE OBJECTIVES
=================
Knowledge
---------
1. to review the knowledge base of CO practice;
2. to develop a conceptual framework for practice;
3. to understand the major tasks, processes, issues, and
technologies of organizing;
4. to understand the main issues in working directly with
individuals and groups whose social class, race, sex,
ethnicity, and status are both
similar to and different from the worker's;
5. to gain familiarity with the worker's role as advocate for
disempowered groups, and with the nature of combatting
institutional manifestations of social oppression.
Skills
------
1. to be able to use one's self differentially (e.g. enabler,
organizer, leader, researcher, planner, developer, advocate,
strategizer, broker, negotiator) as required in the complex role
of the organizer as change agent;
2. to sharpen analytical, political, and interactional skills
for community organizing;
3. to be able to assess the differential potential and
requirements for building and sustaining a collective effort to
address a problematic social conditions;
4. to be able to apply different approaches to organizing as
necessary according to the variables and givens of the
situation, such as organizational, political, and community
resources and skills;
5. to be able to work effectively with constituencies whose
backgrounds and experiences differ widely from the organizer's.
Attitudes
---------
1. to gain respect for the developmental processes involved in
community organizing;
2. to appreciate and respect the values of self-determination,
empowerment, and social justice;
3. to become aware of one's own ethical and political beliefs;
4. to respect and be sensitive to differences in values,
norms, and attitudes of individuals and groups from diverse
backgrounds and experiences;
5. to appreciate the need for both planning and spontaneity in
CO practice;
6. to be able to recognize one's limitations in skills and
knowledge and to seek appropriate assistance.
COURSE EXPECTATIONS
===================
Critical Thinking
-----------------
Professional practice requires the ability to formulate critical
questions about one's experiences and reading; to recognize
information lacks and identify the information needed to solve a
problem; to make keen observations of behavior and events; to
process and analyze data in order to make effective decisions
and chart a course of action; and to evaluate the latter. These
are all part of the process of critical thinking.
Critical thinking demands that each individual take a mentally
active stance towards one's intellectual and experiential tasks.
In that sense we are all continuous learners. Specifically in
relation to this course, it also means that students must take
responsibility for their own learning.
Students are expected to engage intellectually with the course
reading; to attend classes and participate actively in class
discussions, exercises, and projects; to question and analyze
their own and other's assumptions and viewpoints; to take
initiative in all aspects of the progress of the course.
Reading
-------
In general, students are expected to read and integrate a good
deal of current material. SOME STUDENTS MAY ALSO NEED TO REVIEW
RELEVANT BOOKS AND ARTICLES FROM THE FOUNDATION PRACTICE COURSES
IN ORDER TO KEEP PACE WITH THE CLASS. THIS REVIEW IS AN
INDIVIDUAL STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY; THE INSTRUCTOR WILL PROVIDE
GUIDANCE IF REQUESTED.
Students are accountable for reading the basic textbooks in the
course. These are listed further ahead. NOTE THAT WEEKLY
ASSIGNMENTS WILL NOT NECESSARILY BE MADE IN THESE BOOKS.
STUDENTS ARE SIMPLY EXPECTED TO READ THE TEXTS AND TO RELATE
THEM TO CLASS SESSIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS.
In addition, students are ENCOURAGED to read accounts of
community organizing and community action. Some suggestions are
provided below. Full citations are in the bibliography at the
end of the syllabus.
1. Adams, UNEARTHING SEEDS OF FIRE
2. Bailis, BREAD OF JUSTICE
3. Casper and Wellstone, POWERLINE
4. Fish, BLACK POWER, WHITE CONTROL
5. Georgakas and Suskin, DETROIT I DO MIND DYING
6. Horwitt, Sanford D. LET THEM CALL ME REBEL: SAUL ALINSKY,
saveLIFE AND LEGACY. NY: Knopf, 1989.
7. Kotz and Kotz, A PASSION FOR EQUALITY: GEORGE WILEY AND THE
MOVEMENT
8. Krumholz, Norman and John Forester. MAKING EQUITY PLANNING
WORK
9. Lancourt, CONFRONT OR CONCEDE (this is a comparative study)
10. Levine, Hillel and Lawrence Harmon. THE DEATH OF AN
AMERICAN JEWISH COMMUNITY
11. Levy, Jacques. CEZAR CHAVEZ: AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF LA CAUSE
12. Medoff, Peter & Holly Sklar. STREETS OF HOPE: THE FALL AND
RISE OF AN URBAN NEIGHBORHOOD
13. Piven, Frances Fox and Richard A, Cloward. POOR PEOPLE'S
MOVEMENTS: WHY THEY SUCCEED, HOW THEY FAIL.
14. Pope, Jacqueline, BITING THE HAND THAT FEEDS THEM:
ORGANIZING WOMEN AT THE GRASS ROOTS LEVEL
15. Rogler, L. MIGRANT IN THE CITY
16. Smith, B. DIGGING OUR OWN GRAVES: COAL MINERS AND THE
STRUGGLE OVER BLACK LUNG DISEASES
16. Welcome, Verda F. (as told to James M. Abraham) MY LIFE AND
TIMES, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Henry House Publ., 1991.
17. Wellstone, HOW THE RURAL POOR GOT POWER
Grading
-------
A minimum of two grading mechanisms will be developed for the course.
The nature of the grading mechanisms and the due dates will be
negotiated collectively.
STUDENTS ARE EXPECTED TO HAND IN THEIR ASSIGNMENTS OR EXAMS ON THE DATE
THEY ARE DUE. Except in cases of illness or unforeseen emergencies,
late assignments will be down-graded the equivalent of half a letter
grade. EXTENSIONS MUST BE NEGOTIATED WITH THE INSTRUCTOR.
Bibliography
------------
The literature pertinent to the field of community organization extends
well beyond social work texts and journals. The long bibliography
attached to the syllabus is intended to serve the student beyond the
demands of the course itself.
Required Readings are asterisked (*) or listed under a Required Reading
section. Substitutions or additions may be made in class as new or
more pertinent material is discovered. PLEASE NOTE AGAIN THAT
TEXTBOOKS CONSTITUTE REQUIRED READINGS AND CHAPTERS WILL NOT
NECESSARILY BE ASSIGNED SEPARATELY UNDER COURSE SUB-HEADINGS. STUDENTS
ARE EXPECTED TO READ THE TEXTS IN THEIR ENTIRETY. Additional readings
are listed as Recommended Reading.
A complete reference for any book in the readings section can be found
in the BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOURCES section of the syllabus. Required
Readings are generally available at the Health Sciences Library (HSL)
and in some cases at the Learning Resource Center (LRC) of the School
of Social Work.
TEXTS ORDERED IN CAMPUS BOOKSTORE
=================================
* Alinsky, Saul D. RULES FOR RADICALS. New York: Random House,
First Vintage Books, 1972.
* Bobo, Kim, Jackie Kendall, and Steve Max. ORGANIZING FOR SOCIAL
CHANGE: A MANUAL FOR ACTIVISTS IN THE 1990s. Midwest Academy. Cabin
John, MD: Seven Locks Press, 1991.
Fisher, Robert. LET THE PEOPLE DECIDE: NEIGBORHOOD ORGANIZING IN
AMERICA. (2nd ed.). NY: Twayne, 1994
* Hanna, Mark G. and Robinson, Buddy. STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNITY
EMPOWERMENT: DIRECT-ACTION AND TRANSFORMATIVE APPROACHES TO SOCIAL
CHANGE PRACTICE. Lewiston, NY: The Edwin Mellen Press, 1994
* McDougall, Harold A. BLACK BALTIMORE: A NEW THEORY OF COMMUNITY.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.
Rivera, Felix F. and John Erlich. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING IN A DIVERSE
SOCIETY. (2nd. ed.) Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon, 1995.
* Rogers, Mary Beth. COLD ANGER: A STORY OF FAITH AND POWER
POLITICS. Denton, Texas: Un. of North Texas press, 1990
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
=================
Austin, Michael J. and Jane Isaacs Lowe (eds.). CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN
COMMUNITIES AND ORGANIZATIONS. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon,
1994.
Betten, Neil and Michael J., Austin, et. al. THE ROOTS OF COMMUNITY
ORGANIZING: 1917-1939. Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1990.
Brager, George, Harry Specht, and James Torczyner. COMMUNITY
ORGANIZING. New York, Columbia University Press, 1973, 1987.
Burghardt, Steve. THE OTHER SIDE OF ORGANIZING. Cambridge, Schenkman
Publishing Company, 1982.
Delgado, Gary. ORGANIZING THE MOVEMENT: THE ROOTS AND GROWTH OF ACORN.
Philadelphia, Temple University Press, 1986.
Delgado, Gary. BEYOND THE POLITICS OF PLACE: NEW DIRECTIONS IN
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING IN THE 1990's. Oakland, CA: Applied Research
Center, 1994.
Hardcastle, David A., Stanley Wenocur, and Patricia Powers. COMMUNITY
PRACTICE: THEORIES AND SKILLS FOR SOCIAL WORKERS. NY: Oxford Un.,
1996.
Kahn, Si. ORGANIZING. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1982.
(Revised edition), NASW, 1991.
Kretzman, John P. and John L. McKnight. BUILDING COMMUNITIES FROM THE
INSIDE OUT: A PATH TOWARD FINDING AND MOBILIZING A COMMUNITY'S ASSETS.
Evanston, IL: Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research, 1993.
Mizrahi, Terry and John Morrison (eds.). COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND
SOCIAL ADMINISTRATION: ADVANCES, TRENDS AND EMERGING PRINCIPLES.
Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 1993.
Mondros, Jacqueline B. and Scott M. Wilson. ORGANIZING FOR POWER AND
EMPOWERMENT. NY: Columbia University Press, 1993.
Rothman, Jack, John E. Tropman, and John L. Erlich (eds).. STRATEGIES
OF COMMUNITY INTERVENTION. (5th ed.). Itasca, IL: Peacock Press, 1995.
Rubin, Herbert and Irene Rubin. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND DEVELOPMENT.
Columbus, OH: Merril Publishing Company, 1986.
Simon, Barbara Levy. THE EMPOWERMENT TRADITION IN AMERICAN SOCIAL WORK:
A HISTORY. NY: Columbia University Press, 1994.
Staples, Lee. ROOTS TO POWER: A MANUAL FOR GRASSROOTS ORGANIZING. New
York, Praeger Publishing, 1984.
Tropman, John E., John L. Erlich, and Jack Rothman (eds.). TACTICS AND
TECHNIQUES OF COMMUNITY INTERVENTION, 5th ed., Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock
Press, 1995
COURSE OUTLINE AND SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
========================================
SESSION 1:
---------
Introductions and course overview
Film
Key question(s):(1) Why are you interested in community organizing?
(2) Why organize anyway?
Required Reading:
None
SESSION 2:
---------
History of and prospects for community organizing in the U.S.
Ethical considerations
Key question(s):(1) What are some of the "contradictions in social
relations" that social workers face in their daily
lives
and professional practice now and in the past?
(2) How do these bear on the history of community
organizing in and out of the social work profession?
REQUIRED READING:
Berger, Peter L. PYRAMIDS OF SACRIFICE. NY: Anchor Books, 1976, Ch.
4, 'Consciousness Raising' and the Vicissitudes of Policy.
Garvin, Charles D. and Fred M. Cox, "A History of Community Organizing
Since the Civil War with Special Reference to Oppressed Communities", in
Rothman, Erlich, and Troopman (eds.). STRATEGIES OF COMMUNITY
INTERVENTION, 1995.
Hanna and Robinson, Chapter 1 (including endnotes): History and
Philosophy of Social Change Strategies.
Wenocur, Stanley. "The Case for Grassroots Community Organization," in
CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN SOCIAL WORK, ed. by Pruger and Gambrill,
Rockleigh, NJ: Allyn & Bacon, 1992.
Wenocur, Stanley and Steven Soifer. "Prospects for Community
Organization in the 21st Century" (forthcoming, 1997). ( Draft copy
available on reserve in LRC.)
Recommended:
-----------
Betten and Austin, selected chapters as interested
Delgado, Gary. BEYOND THE POLITICS OF PLACE: NEW DIRECTIONS IN
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING IN THE 1990'S. Oakland, CA: Applied Research
Center, 1994.
Fisher, R. selected chapters as interested.
JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WELFARE, Vol. XVII (2), June 1990,
SPECIAL ISSUE ON SOCIAL JUSTICE VALUES, AND SOCIAL WORK
PRACTICE.
See especially articles by:
Maurice J. Moreau. "Empowerment through Advocacy and
Consciousness-Raising: Implications of a Structural Approach
to Social Work;
Linda Cherrey Reeser and Leslie Leighninger. "Back to Our Roots:
Towards a Specialization in Social Justice."
Mondros and Wilson. Chapters 1 and 2.
Reisch, Michael and Stanley Wenocur. "The Future of Community
Organization in Social Work: Social Activism and the Politics of
Profession Building," SOCIAL SERVICE REVIEW, 60 (1), March, 1992.
Riessman, Frank and S. M. Miller. "Social Change Versus the Psychiatric
World View," AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPSYCHIATRY, 34 (1).
SESSION 3:
---------
Theories for CO practice
Contingencies and ideologies
Power as a relational concept
Self interest
Praxis
Key question(s):(1) Why do people get involved in community
organizing efforts?
(2) What is the role of ideology in CO?
(3) What does the concept of power mean and how
does it come into play in CO practice?
REQUIRED READING
Hardcastle, Wenocur, and Powers. COMMUNITY PRACTICE:THEORIES
AND SKILLS FOR SOCIAL WORKERS, Chapter 2, "Theories for
Community Practice by Direct Service Practitioners"; Chapter 4, "The
Concept of Community in Social Work Practice". (LRC)
Recommended:
-----------
Bachrach, Peter and Morton S. Baratz. "Two Faces of Power," AMERICAN
POLICY SCIENCE REVIEW. December, 1962, pp. 947-952.
Berger, Peter L. and Richard John Neuhaus. TO EMPOWER PEOPLE: THE
ROLE OF MEDIATING STRUCTURES IN PUBLIC POLICY. Washington, D.C.:
American Enterprise Institute, 1977.
Blau, Peter M. POWER AND EXCHANGE IN SOCIAL LIFE. Ch. 5,
"Differentiation of Power."
Bachrach, Perter and Morton S. Baratz. POWER AND POVERTY: THEORY AND
PRACTICE. Ch. 3, "Key Concepts: Decisions and Non-decisions," and Ch.
4, "A Model of the Political Process."
Domhoff, G. William. THE POWER ELITE AND THE STATE: HOW POLICY IS
MADE IN AMERICA. NY: Aldine de Gruyter, 1990.
Douglas, Robert and Mike Powell. "Mayor Schafer's Shadow Government,"
BALTIMORE MAGAZINE. Vol. 73 (4), April, 1980, pp. 68-75, 112-116. (RR)
Gamson, William. THE STRATEGY OF SOCIAL PROTEST. 1975, 1990.
Handler, Joel F. SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND THE LEGAL SYSTEM: A THEORY
OF LAW REFORM AND SOCIAL CHANGE. Ch. 1, "A Theoretical Perspective,"
Ch. 6, "Social Change and Law Reform."
Mao-Tse-Tung. "On Practice," in FIVE ESSAYS ON PHILOSOPHY. Foreign
Language Press, Peking, 1977, pp. 1-22 (RR).
Miller, Jean Baker. "Women and Power," SOCIAL POLICY. 13 (4), Spring, 1983.
Pecukonis, Edward and Stanley Wenocur. "Perceptions of Self and Collective
Efficacy in Community Organization Theory and Practice," JOURNAL OF
COMMUNITY PRACTICE, 1 (2), 5-22, 1994.
Perrucci, Robert and Harry R. Potter (eds.), NETWORKS OF POWER:
ORGANIZATIONAL ACTORS AT NATIONAL, CORPORATE AND COMMUNITY
LEVELS. Hawthorne: NY, Aldine de Gruyter, 1989.
Russell, Daniel M. POLITICAL ORGANIZING IN GRASSROOTS POLITICS
.
Silver, Michael. "Social Exchange," and "Social Construction of
Reality," pp. 26- 61, in SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE ORGANIZING TECHNOLOGY
(Baltimore, SSW & CP, UMAB, 1980 (HS/RR).
Solomon, Barbara Bryant. BLACK EMPOWERMENT. Ch. 1 "Empowerment"; Ch.
2, "Black Communities: Myth or Reality?"
Tjerandsen, Carl. EDUCATION FOR CITIZENSHIP: A FOUNDATION'S
EXPERIENCE. Emil Schwarzhaupt Foundation, 1980, especially Ch. 9, "What
Was Learned."
SESSION 4:
---------
Community organizing goals
Roles of the organizer
Community power analysis
Film
Key question(s):(1) What are the different goals and roles of the
community organizer?
(2) How are these determined?
(3) How do these fit with professional social work
practice?
(4) Is there any relationship between goals and roles?
REQUIRED READING
Hanna and Robinson. 'Introduction"; Chapter 2, "Matrices of Change: A
Comparison of Traditional, Direct-Action, and Transformative Strategies
Rogers. COLD ANGER
Recommended:
-----------
Blum, Arthur, Magdalena Miranda, and Maurice Meyer. "Goals and Means for
Social Change," in John Turner (ed.), NEIGHBORHOOD ORGANIZATION FOR
COMMUNITY ACTION. NASW, 1968.
SESSION 5:
---------
Models of community organization
Key question(s):(1) How do you decide what model of CO to use?
(2) What variables affect your choice?
(3) What are the commonalities and differences among
models?
REQUIRED READING
Alvarez, Patricia, "The Case of the Overflowing Dumpsters" (handout)
Chavez, Cesar, "A Union in the Community" (handout)
Hanna and Robinson: Chapters 3, 4, 5 (Direct Action Strategies)
Rothman, Jack, "Approaches to Community Intervention" (on reserve), also
in Rothman, Erlich and Tropman (eds.) STRATEGIES OF COMMUNITY
INTERVENTION
Recommended:
-----------
Bailis, Lawrence Neil. BREAD OR JUSTICE? GRASSROOTS ORGANIZING IN
THE WELFARE RIGHTS MOVEMENT. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1974.
Biddle, William W. and Loureide J. Biddle. THE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT:
A CASEBOOK. 1974.
Delgado, Gary. ORGANIZING THE MOVEMENT: THE ROOTS AND GROWTH
OF ACORN. 1986.
Ecklein, Joan and Armand A. Lauffer. COMMUNITY ORGANIZERS AND
SOCIAL PLANNERS. 2nd edition, 1984.
Elphick, Chris. "Community Arts and Community Development:
Socio-Cultural Animation," in Paul Henderson, David Jones, and David N.
Thomas (eds.), THE BOUNDARIES OF COMMUNITY CHANGE. London: Allen and
Unwin, 1980.
Krumholz, Norman and John Forester. MAKING EQUITY PLANNING WORK.
Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990.
Lancourt, Joan E. CONFRONT OR CONCEDE: THE ALINSKY CITIZEN ACTION
ORGANIZATIONS. 1979.
Lauffer, Armand. "Community Self-Help as Strategy and Outcome: The
Examination of an Israeli Experience," JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE.
1 (1), pp. 43-56, 1994.
Mondros and Wilson. Chs. 9 and 10.
Morrissey, Megan H. "The Downtown Advocate Center: A Case Study of a
Welfare Rights Organization," SOCIAL SERVICE REVIEW. Vol. 64 (2), June,
1990, pp. 189-207.
Pruger, Robert and Harry Specht. "Assessing Theoretical Models of
Community Organization Practice: Alinsky as a Case in Point," SOCIAL
SERVICE REVIEW. June, 1969, pp.123-135.
SESSION 6:
---------
Models of community organization (cont'd)
More on the IAF approach
Transformative approaches
Key question(s):(1) What's the difference between community
development, social planning, and social action?
(2) What's the difference between Direct-Action and
Transformative models of social change?
REQUIRED READING
Alinsky. RULES FOR RADICALS
Bradshaw, Catherine, Steven Soifer and Lorriane Gutierrez. "Toward a
Hybrid Model for Effective Organizing in Communities of Color," JOURNAL
OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE. 1 (1), pp. 25-42, 1994.
Hanna and Robinson: Chapters 6 and 7(Transformative Strategies)
Rogers. COLD ANGER
Williams, James, "Alinsky Discovered Organizing (Like Columbus
Discovered America), in THIRD FORCE, July/August 1996 (LRC)
Recommended:
-----------
Adams, Frank, with Myles Horton. UNEARTHING SEEDS OF FIRE: THE IDEA
OF THE HIGHLANDER. Winston-Salem, NC: Blair Publishing, 1975.
SOCIAL POLICY. Winter, 1991. "Building Movements, Educating Citizen: Myles
Horton and the Highlander Folk School."
Twelvetrees, Alan. ORGANIZING FOR NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT: A
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CORPORATIONS
AND CITIZEN POWER ORGANIZATIONS. Adershot, England: Gower
Publishing, 1989.
Wenocur, Stanley. "The Social Welfare Workers Movement: A Case Study of
New Left Thought in Practice," JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL
WELFARE. Fall, 1975. (RR).
SESSION 7
---------
Nuts and bolts of organzing:
One on one meetings and door-knocking
Role plays
Key question(s):(1) What do we mean by 'self interest' in organizing,
and how do you identify it?
REQUIRED READING
Bobo, Kendall and Max. ORGANIZING FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. Chs. 2, 10,
and 12.
Staples, Lee. "Can't Ya Hear Me Knockin'?", ROOTS TO POWER. Ch. 2.
Recommended:
-----------
Alexander, Chauncey and Charles McCann. "The Concept of
Representativeness in Community Organization," SOCIAL WORK. January,
1956, pp. 48-55.
Bailis, Lawrence N. BREAD OR JUSTICE. Ch.3, "Boston Model for Grassroots
Organizing."
Brown, Michael. "How to Recruit People to Your Organization," Cambridge,
MA,
1994.
Burghardt, Steve. ORGANIZING FOR COMMUNITY ACTION. Ch. 2, "Know
Yourself: A Key to Better Organizing."
Haggstrom, Warren C. "The Tactics of Organization Building," in Cox et.
al. (eds.), STRATEGIES OF CO. (1979 edition).
Henderson, Paul and David N. Thomas. SKILLS IN NEIGHBORHOOD WORK.
Ch. 1 - 5.
Mondros and Wilson. Chs. 1 , 2, and 3.
Rubin and Rubin. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND DEVELOPMENT. Ch. 3, 6-8.
Silver, Michael. "Canvassers Doorknocking Technology," (unpublished, 1979).
(RR).
Thomas, David N. ORGANIZING FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. Ch. 4, "Some
Opening Moves in Neighborhood Work," pp. 68-88.
Wellstone, Paul D. HOW THE RURAL POOR GOT POWER. University of Mass.,
1978.
Zurcher, Louis A. Jr. "Stages of Development of Neighborhood Action
Groups: The Topeka Example," in Irving A. Spergel (ed.), COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION: STUDIES IN CONSTRAINT. 1972.
SESSION 8
---------
Doorknocking (cont'd)
Exercise in community (tentative)
Key question(s):(1) What is an "issue"? How do you find a "good"
issue?
REQUIRED READING
Bobo. Kendall. and Max. Chapter 3 "Choosing an Issue"
Mondros and Wilson. ORGANIZING FOR POWER AND EMPOWERMENT.
Chapter 5, "Issues"
SESSION 9
---------
Meetings, structures, and leadership development
Key question(s):(1) Once you have begun to organize people, how do
you actually build the organization?
(2) What is meant by the idea of leadership and how do
you "develop" it?
(3) What's the role of "actions" in building your org'n?
REQUIRED READING
Bobo, Kendall and Max. Ch. 11 "Developing Leadership"; and Ch. 12
"Planning and Facilitating Meetings"
Mondros and Wilson. ORGANIZING FOR POWER AND EMPOWERMENT.
Chapter 4, "Maintaining and Deepening Member Participation".
Recommended:
-----------
Burghardt, Steve. ORGANIZING FOR COMMUNITY ACTION. Ch.3, "Building
and Maintaining an Organization."
COMMUNITY JOBS. "3 Perspectives: The Reasons for High Staff Turnover,"
June, 1981. (LRC)
Freire, Paulo. PEDAGOGY OF THE OPPRESSED, 1974
Lakey, Berit, et. al. GRASSROOTS AND NONPROFIT LEADERSHIP: A GUIDE
FOR ORGANIZATIONS IN CHANGING TIMES, 1995
Mondros, Jacqueline B. and Scott M. Wilson. "Building High Access
Community Organizations: Structures as Strategy," in Mizrahi and Morrison,
1993.
Wilson, James Q. POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS. Ch. 3, "Organizational
Maintenance and Incentives," and Ch. 4, "Social Structure and
Organizations."
SESSION 10
----------
Strategies, tactics, campaigns
Simulation exercise
Key question(s):(1) How do you choose strategies and tactics? What
are the factors you should consider?
REQUIRED READING
Alinsky. RULES FOR RADICALS
Bobo, Kendall, and Max. Chapters 4 - 7
Recommended:
-----------
Bailis, Lawrence. BREAD OR JUSTICE. Ch. 9, "Toward a Theory of Social
Protest."
Beckhard, Richard. "The Confrontation Meeting," in Bennis, Benne and Chin
(eds.), THE PLANNING OF CHANGE. 1969, 2nd edition.
Benne, Kenneth E. and Max Birnbaum. "Principles of Changing," in Bennis,
Benne and Chin (eds.), THE PLANNING OF CHANGE. 1969, 2nd edition.
Brager and Holloway. CHANGING HUMAN SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS (Part II).
"Initial Assessment," Ch. 5, 6 (also recommended pre-skimming Part I,
Chs. 2, 3, and 4 for fuller development of force-field perspective.
Brager and Specht. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING. Part IV. "Influencing Targets:
Tactics for Community Change," Chs. 12-16.
Burghardt, Steve. ORGANIZING FOR COMMUNITY ACTION. Ch. 6, "Marches
and Demonstrations," Ch. 7, "Coalition Work."
Chin, Robert and Kenneth D. Benne. "General Strategies for Effecting
Change in Human Systems," in Bennis, Benne and Chin (eds.), THE
PLANNING OF CHANGE. 1969.
Mondros and Wilson. Chs. 6-8.
Rubin and Rubin. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND DEVELOPMENT. Chs. 9-12.
Warren, Roland L. "Types of Purposive Change at the Community Level," in
Kramer and Specht (eds.), READINGS IN CO PRACTICE. 1969, 1st edition.
Walton, Richard E. "Two Strategies of Social Change and Their
Dilemmas," in Kramer and Specht (eds.), READINGS IN CO PRACTICE. 1969;
also in Bennis, Benne and Chin (eds.), THE PLANNING OF CHANGE. and in
Cox et. al. (eds.), STRATEGIES OF CO. 1979, 3rd edition.
Wenocur, Stanley. "The Adaptability of Voluntary Organization: External
Pressures and United Way Organizations," POLICY AND POLITICS. Vol. 3,
June, 1975.
SESSION 11
----------
Diversity Issues in Community Organizing
Film
REQUIRED READING
McDougall, Harold A. BLACK BALTIMORE: A NEW THEORY OF
COMMUNITY. (Especially chs. 1 and 6-9).
Rivera, Felix G. and John L. Erlich. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING IN A
DIVERSE SOCIETY. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1995. (Read
selective articles based on interest).
Recommended:
-----------
Daley, John M. and Paul Wong. "Community Development with Emerging
Ethnic Communities," JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE. 1 (1), pp. 9-24,
1994.
Ecklein, Joan. COMMUNITY ORGANIZERS. Ch. 4, "Organizing and Racism,";
Ch. 7, "Women and Organizing."
Foster, Madison. "Black Organizing: The Need for a Conceptual Model of
the Ghetto," CATALYST. Vol. 1 (1), 1978.
Gaventa, J., B. Smith and A. Willingham (eds.). COMMUNITIES IN ECONOMIC
CRISIS: APPALACHIA AND THE SOUTH. Philadelphia, Temple University
Press, 1990.
Grosser, Charles F. "Organizing in the White Community," SOCIAL WORK.
Vol. 16 (3), July, 1971.
Gutierrez, Lorraine and Edith A. Lewis. "Community Organizing with
Women of Color: A Feminist Approach," JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PRACTICE. 1
(2), pp. 23-44, 1994.
Kurzman, Paul. "The Native-Settler Concept: Implications for Community
Organization," SOCIAL WORK. Vol. 14 (3), July, 1969, pp. 55-64.
Medoff, Peter and Holly Sklar. STREETS OF HOPE: THE FALL AND RISE OF
AN URBAN NEIGHBORHOOD. Boston: South End Press, 1994.
Milio, Nancy. 9226 KERCHEVAL: THE STOREFRONT THAT WOULD NOT
BURN. Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1970.
N.O.W. GUIDELINES TO FEMINIST CONSCIOUSNESS RAISING. 1982. (LRC)
Pope, Jacqueline. BITING THE HAND THAT FEEDS THEM: ORGANIZING
WOMEN AT THE GRASSROOTS LEVEL. NY: Praeger Publishing, 1989.
SESSION 12
----------
Coalition building
Role play
Key question(s):(1) How is a coalition different from a grass roots
social
action group?
(2) What are the main ingredients for an effective
coalition?
Required reading
Bobo, Kendall. and Max. Chapter 9, "Building and Joining Coalitions"
Mizrahi, Terry and Beth B. Rosenthal. "Managing Dynamic Tensions in
Social Change Coalitions," in Mizrahi and Morrison, COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION AND SOCIAL ADMINISTRATION: ADVANCES, TRENDS,
AND EMERGING PRINCIPLES, 1993
Cohen, L., Baer, N. and Satterwhite, P . "Developing Effective
Coalitions: An Eight-Step Guide", Spring 1994 ( LRC).
SESSION 13
----------
Negotiation
Role play
Key question(s):(1) When should you negotiate and when should you
avoid negotiating?
(2) What do I do during negotiations?
REQUIRED READING
Cook and Wenocur, "Bargaining and Negotiation" (class handout)
Recommended:
-----------
Fisher, Roger and William Ury. GETTING TO YES: NEGOTIATING AGREEMENT
WITHOUT GIVING IN. NY: Penguin Books, 1991
SESSION 14
----------
Technologies in starting and maintaining organizations:
Technical and legal matters
Administration
Fundraising
Key question(s):(1) Does your organization need to be incorporated?
(2) How do I find financial support for the organization?
REQUIRED READING
Bobo, Kendall and Max. ORGANIZING FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. Chapters
20-26.
Recommended:
-----------
Kiritz, Norton J. PROGRAM PLANNING AND PROPOSAL WRITING. Los
Angeles, Grantsmanship Center, 1974, 1978.
Klein, Kim. FUNDRAISING FOR SOCIAL CHANGE. CRG Press, 1985.
Lauffer, Armand. GRANTSMANSHIP. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1977.
Rubin and Rubin. COMMUNITY ORGANIZING AND DEVELOPMENT. Chs. 13-
17.
SESSION 15
----------
The state of CO in the 1990's
Guest speaker (tentative)
Class evaluation
Key question(s):(1) Is CO today different from CO efforts in the past?
(2) What will be the effect of computer technologies on
community organizing?
REQUIRED READING
Wenocur and Soifer, Prospects for Community Organization in the 21st
Century. (LRC)
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